Gasification converts carbon-bearing material into a combustible synthesis gas (syngas) by reacting it at high temperature with a controlled, sub-stoichiometric amount of oxygen or steam. Unlike combustion, the objective is not to burn the material fully but to convert it into a gas that can be cleaned and used as a fuel or chemical feedstock.
Because the reaction is oxygen-starved, gasification operates differently from mass-burn combustion, and the syngas can be treated before it is used. Gasification suits calorific, relatively dry and consistent feedstocks; wet or highly variable waste usually needs preparation first.
Plasma treatment is sometimes applied as a stage within a gasification system to crack tars and destroy problem compounds at very high temperature; it is a process stage, not a competing technology.
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