Waste-to-energy (WtE) is the recovery of energy from waste that would otherwise be landfilled. The energy is recovered as electricity, heat, or a fuel gas, and the residual mass and volume of the waste are substantially reduced.

There is no single WtE technology. Mass-burn combustion, gasification, pyrolysis, anaerobic digestion and the preparation of refuse-derived fuel (RDF) each suit different waste streams. The right route depends on the calorific value, moisture, and contaminant profile of the waste, the scale of the project, and the intended energy product.

The decisive work happens before any technology is selected: characterising the waste, confirming the mass and energy balance, and testing the economics against a realistic offtake. This is where an independent engineering review earns its place.

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